Connecting and Communicating Online

Now that you have learned about emerging technologies in areas like education, healthcare, business, manufacturing and entertainment, it is time to dive into using the internet effectively. In this section, you will discover how to navigate the web using tools like web addresses (URLs), browsers, and mobile apps to access valuable information and resources easily.

You will also explore website features, learning to analyse and discuss elements like graphics, audio and video and understand how plug-ins make online experiences interactive and engaging. This knowledge will give you skills to effectively interact with multimedia content, helping you find and understand information in a fun and engaging way. By the end of this section, you will be more confident using the internet to connect, learn and even create your own engaging content.

KEY IDEAS

• Mobile Platforms: Mobile platforms are the platforms which allow internet access on smartphones and tablets.

• Navigation Menu: The set of links that help users move between different sections of a website

• Responsive Design: A website’s ability to automatically adjust its display based on different screen sizes

• Web Addresses (URLs): A web address, or URL, is a unique location for each webpage.

• Web Apps: Web applications (e.g., Google Docs, YouTube) are online programs accessible via browsers, offering tools for work, learning, and entertainment.

• Web Browsers: A web browser (like Chrome, Safari, or Firefox) is software that helps access and view websites.

• Website Layout: The arrangement and organization of content and navigation elements on a webpage

Activity 3.1 Exploring with web browsers

1. Open any web browser on your computer.

2. Go to Google by typing “https://www.google.com” in the address bar and pressing Enter.

3. Type “how to use web browsers effectively” in the search bar and press Enter.

4. Look through the first page of search results, also called the “search hint” and choose a link that seems most relevant.

5. Once you have found useful information, save it by creating a bookmark (star icon).

6. Write a short summary of what you learned on a piece of paper or in a document.

7. Present your summary to the class for feedback and discussion

A web address, also called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), is the unique address for a webpage on the internet, much like an address for a house or school. Every webpage has a specific URL that allows internet users to find and access webpages or online resource.

The Structure of a URL Includes Several Parts

Figure 3.1: Parts of URL

1. Protocol: The first part of the web address which sets rules for how data is sent securely.

2. Domain Name: This is the main part of the web address which identifies the website. Example, “ghana” in the above URL is the domain name.

3. Subdomain: It is found between the protocol and the domain name that shows a specific section of the website.

a. .gov: A top-level domain (TLD), indicating that the site belongs to a government entity.

b. .gh: A country-code top-level domain (ccTLD), indicating that the site is based in Ghana.

Domain name extension: domain extension (also known as a top-level domain or TLD) is the part of a web address that appears after the last dot. URL endings, or domain extensions, like “.com,” “.org,” and “.edu,” indicate the type of website or organisation, such as commercial (.com), non-profit (.org), or educational (.edu). This URL system was introduced by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and the Internet Engineering Task Force in 1994, helping organise the internet, so users can easily find the resources they need.

4. Path and Parameters: The additional parts, which may specify a particular page or action on the site.

Activity 3.2 Constructing and decoding URLs

1. In a group not more than five (5), browse for a pdf file on the internet.

2. Copy the URL in the address bar into a word document window using your past experience on “Creating Word Document”

3. Reflect on the various parts of a complex website address which may include file names and file name extension.

4. Consider the URL you have copied which may be similar to the one below and name the various parts.

Example: https = protocol

5. Write the functions of the “File name” and the “file name extension” in the URL above.

6. Discuss as a class why specific URLs might use HTTPS instead of HTTP and why paths are structured in a particular way.

Web Browser

A web browser is an application program used to surf the internet. Common examples include;

Figure 3.2: Examples of Web Browsers

Launching a Web Browser Using the Taskbar

₁. Locate the browser icon on the taskbar.

2. Click on the icon to display the browser window as shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3: Parts of a web browser interface (Google Chrome) Common Features of a Web Browser ₁. Title bar: It is located at the top part of the browser window which displays the browser and the webpage names.

2. Address bar: It is the main text-field where website addresses are typed. It also displays the Uniform Resource Locator when the browser window is displayed.

3. Navigation bar: The navigation bar is also called the standard toolbar. It contains tools such as the forward button, back button, and the refresh button which are used to browse through web pages. The image below shows the navigation bar.

4. Forward Button: It is used to visit a current webpage within active website.

5. Back Button: It is used to browse a previously visited webpage within active website.

6. Standard toolbar: it contains some basic tools like print icon, Copy, Home etc that are used most frequently in a given webpage.

7. Status bar: The status bar displays information and the state of a particular webpage.

8. Refresh Button/ Reload: It is a command button used to refresh a web page in a browser window. The Reload/Refresh button is used to fetch the latest page of a website.

9. Scrollbar: it is the electronic bar used to view a hidden portion of a webpage.

There are two types of scrollbars. The vertical Scrollbar and the horizontal scrollbar.

10. Stop Tab: It is used to terminate or cancel uploading page in a browser window.

11. Bookmark: Saves a web page you like so you can quickly visit it later without searching for it again.

12. History: Keeps a list of all the web pages you’ve visited recently, making it easy to find and revisit them.

13. Extensions: It adds extra features to your browser, like ad blockers, password managers, or language translators.

14. Developer Tools: Helps website creators test and fix their sites by showing the code, layout, and errors directly in the browser.

Activity 3.3 Differences and similarities in certain web browsers

1. Pair with one of your classmates

2. Use the skill gained in how to open a web browser and launch a different web browser each (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, etc.); using different launching method such as double clicking on the browser icon, using the search bar, using the start button and its start menu, etc.

3. In the table below, list the common and different features found in all the web browsers launched, including the interface in Figure 3.3.

4. In your pairs, use any web browser to search for any one public university in Ghana. Explore the programmes they offer and share your findings with the class.

Table 3.1: Features of web browser Common features Non common feature Uses of Web Browsers

1. Finding Information: Web browsers help users to search for information on any topic. When you open a web browser, it may display a search engine which can be used to locate information from the internet according to your search terms or key words.

2. Watching Videos and Listening to Music: You can watch videos on sites like YouTube and listen to music on platforms like Spotify using a web browser.

3. Connecting with Others: Browsers allow you to access social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, where you can communicate with friends and family.

4. Online Learning and Research: Web browsers are used to access online learning platforms, such as Google Classroom, where you can view notes, do assignments, and find extra learning resources.

Activity 3.4 Designing a mock website structure with URLs

1. In groups of not more than 4, design a mock website for a school. Each group will decide on sections for the website (e.g., “About Us,” “Admissions,” “Library”) and create an example of URLs for each section.

2. Each group present their website structure, explaining how they chose the domain name, paths, and any subdomains.

3. Each group discusses similarities and differences in their structures, exploring how URL structure impacts accessibility and user experience.

Extension activity Exploring domain extensions and URL uses

1. In pairs choose a domain extension (e.g., .gov, .edu, .org, .com) to research what it signifies, including examples of reputable websites that use it.

2. Present your findings, explaining why certain types of organisations choose specific domain extensions.

3. Use the knowledge gained to discuss on how to assess the reliability of online information.

Accessing Web Apps

A web app, or web application, is a program that you can access and use directly through a web browser on any device with internet access, such as a laptop, tablet, or smartphone. Unlike traditional software, which you need to download and install, web apps work entirely online. Examples of popular web apps include Google Docs, Canva, Gmail, etc.

Figure 3.4: Web Apps

How to access a web app ₁. Open Your Web Browser: Launch a browser like Google Chrome or Safari on your device.

2. Enter the Web Address: Type in the URL of the web app, or use a search engine to find it. For example, type “docs.google.com” for Google Docs.

3. Log In or Sign Up: Many web apps require an account. If you are using one for the first time, you may need to sign up (meaning, to register). With an existing account, just log in with your username and password.

4. Use the Web App: Once logged in, you can begin working, whether it is typing a document, creating a design, or checking emails.

Table 3.2: Difference between Web apps and Traditional Apps Feature Web Apps Traditional Desktop Applications Access Accessed through a web browser with an internet connection.

Installed directly on a computer and run offline.

Installation No installation needed; can be used directly online.

Must be downloaded and installed on the computer.

Device Compatibility

Can be used on any device with a browser (e.g., laptop, tablet, smartphone).

Works only on the device where it is installed.

Updates Updates happen automatically online without user action.

Requires manual updates by the user or automatic updates when connected.

Storage Stores data online, which can be accessed from any device.

Data is stored on the local computer, limiting access to that specific device.

Activity 3.5 Accessing an educational Web App

1. In small groups, open a web browser and enter “khanacademy.org” in the address bar, then press Enter.

2. Create an account or sign in with an existing one

3. Navigate to a subject you are interested in, such as Math, Science or ICT.

4. Start a lesson by selecting a topic, watching videos, and practicing exercises.

5. Summarise the lesson that you researched and explain this to the rest of the class.

We will explore how mobile web browsers on smartphones and tablets work differently from browsers on computers. Mobile browsers are specially designed to make browsing easier on smaller screens that are controlled by touch.

Some Unique Features of Mobile Browsers Include

₁. Touch and Gesture Controls: For example, you can use the “Pinch-to-Zoom” gesture, which lets you zoom in and out on a web page by pinching your fingers together or apart on the screen.

2. Swipe Navigation: Instead of clicking buttons, you can swipe left or right to move back and forward through pages you’ve visited.

3. Adaptive Layouts: Websites on mobile browsers can automatically adjust their layout to fit the screen size and orientation, making the content easier to read and interact with. However, this is something that needs to be implemented by the website designer – on some websites this may not perform as expected.

Activity 3.6 Solving real-world scenarios on mobile browsing

1. In groups of not more than 4, choose one of the following scenarios that require using mobile browser features to find information.

2.

a. Find a local news using a mobile browser and using “Pinch-to-Zoom” to focus on certain text

b. Explore how a popular website looks when they rotate the screen from portrait to landscape mode

c. Visit a site with multiple pages, then using swipe gestures to navigate back and forth between pages.

3. Each group will try the scenarios on their smartphones or tablets.

4. Observe and discuss how each feature (touch controls, swipe navigation, and adaptive layout) helps you browse more easily.

5. Share your findings with the class and discuss how these mobile features are useful in real-life browsing.

Features of Mobile web design and Apps This simply talks about creating websites that work well on mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. They include the online stores, news sites, or blogs that look good on both phones and computers.

1. Mobile Web Design Principles: Websites are often designed to fit well on mobile screens, so you can view them clearly on your phone.

2. Responsive Web Design: This means websites adjust automatically to different screen sizes, like phones, tablets, and computers, so they look good on any device.

3. Adaptive Layouts: Websites can change their design depending on how you hold your phone (portrait or landscape).

Mobile Apps

They are the Software specifically built to run on mobile devices, downloaded from app stores (e.g., Google Play or Apple App Store).

Mobile Apps: Many popular websites like Facebook, YouTube, and WhatsApp have mobile apps, which can be easier to use than their websites. When using mobile apps, it is important to think about how fast they load and how easy they are to navigate.

Key Features of Mobile Apps

₁. Often works offline (depending on the app – many apps will open but require internet access to access features/data).

2. Can use device features like the camera, GPS, or notifications.

3. Customisable and highly optimised for mobile experience.

Figure 3.5: Mobile Apps

Table 3.3: Differences between mobile web design and mobile apps Feature Mobile Web Design Mobile Apps Access Internet Device Features Updates Through a browser Download from app store Always needed Can work offline Limited access Full access (e.g., GPS) Immediate (no download) User must update manually Effective Web Navigation Effective web navigation ensures how users can easily and intuitively (self-learning) find information or perform actions on a website. The key elements of effective web navigation include:

1. Clear and Simple Menus

2. Use concise labels (e.g., “Home,” “About Us,” “Contact”).

3. Keep menus minimal to avoid overwhelming users.

4. Consistent Navigation: Place menus, buttons, and links in the same location across all pages.

5. Search Functionality: It includes a search bar to help users quickly locate specific information.

6. Breadcrumbs: This display a path of links (e.g., Home > Products > Electronics) to show users where they are and allow easy backtracking.

7. Clickable Logos: Make the website’s logo clickable which can lead users back to the homepage.

8. Responsive Design: It ensures navigation works well on all devices, including smartphones, tablets, and desktops.

9. Highlight Current Location: Use visual indicators (e.g., bold text or a highlighted menu item) to show the user’s current page.

10. Call-to-Action (CTA) Buttons: Add prominent, well-labelled buttons for key actions (e.g., “Buy Now,” “Sign Up”).

11. Footer Navigation: Include secondary links in the footer for less prominent but useful sections (e.g., privacy policy, terms of service).

12. Fast Load Times: Optimise navigation elements to load quickly, preventing user frustration.

Using Search Engines to Find Information

Search engines like Google and Bing help you look out for information online. By typing in keywords, you can find resources, articles, and websites related to what you need.

Figure 3.6: Search Engine (Google)

Using Advanced Search Techniques

1. Search Operators and Filters: There are special search parameters, like using quotation marks for exact phrases or adding “site:.gov” to find government sites.

Filters like “Images” or “Videos” help you find specific types of content.

2. Refining Search Results: Using these techniques can make your search results more accurate, so you spend less time finding exactly what you need.

Evaluating Web Content for Credibility

1. Check for Reliable Sources: It’s important to confirm if the information on a website is trustworthy. Look for reputable sites, like official government pages or well-known news sites.

2. Fact-Checking Information: Do not believe everything you see online right away. Double-check information on multiple reliable websites to make sure it is accurate.

3. Author Information: Check if the author is identified and has relevant expertise or qualifications. Look for links to the author’s biography, credentials, or professional affiliations.

4. Sources and Citations: Look for properly cited sources and references to support claims. Avoid sites that provide opinions without evidence.

5. Updates and Maintenance: Ensure the content is up-to-date, especially for rapidly changing topics. Check for the “last updated” date if available.

Website refers to the collection of related web pages stored in a web server. This means that when you visit the website of an institution, the pages that you may browse in the website must have similarities.

Website Features

Have you ever wondered how websites are organised to make them easy to use? Let us explore the basic parts of a website that you interact with every day!

What is a Website Layout?

Think of a website layout like the floor plan of a building, it shows where everything goes. Just like how a school has different areas (classrooms, library, assembly hall), a website also has different sections that helps you to find what you are looking for.

Main Parts of a Website

_(Homepage) This is like the main entrance of a website. It is usually the first page you see when you visit a website. It tells you what the website is about and helps you to find other pages.

Example: When you visit https://www.gra.gov.gh/, the homepage shows you important news and links to other sections

Figure 3.7: Ghana Revenue Authority Homepage

Header The header is like the signboard of a website. It usually contains the website’s logo, menu for navigation, search box, sometimes a phone number or contact information Think of it like the top part of your exercise book where you write your name and subject.

Figure 3.8: Header of Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) Website Navigation Menu This is like a table of content that helps you move around the website. It shows the different sections you can visit example: hyperlinks to important pages, dropdown menus for more options.

Figure 3.9: Navigation Menu of Ghana Revenue Authority Website Content Area This is where the main information is displayed, example: text, pictures, videos and forms.

Figure 3.10: Content Area of Ghana Revenue Authority website Sidebar A sidebar is like a notice board on the side of the webpage that might show related links, recent posts, quick information, advertisements etc.

Figure 3.11: Sidebar of Bank of Ghana Website

Footer The footer is feature at the bottom of the website, like the last page of a book. It usually contains:

a. copyright information,

b. contact details,

c. links to social media,

d. additional navigation etc.

Activity 3.7 Website scavenger hunt Materials Needed: Computer/phone with internet access - Activity worksheet

1. In pairs, visit http://www.ges.gov.gh

2. Find and list: 3 items in the header, 2 items in the navigation menu, 3 items in the footer and 2 items in the sidebar

3. Compare your findings with another pair

4. Discuss why each element is placed at where it is.

Figure 3.12: Footer of Graphic Online Website

Website Responsiveness

Website responsiveness is a term that describes how a website automatically adjusts its layout, design, and features to look good and work well on any device, whether it’s a phone, tablet, or computer.

Figure 3.13: Website Responsiveness

Activity 3.8 Responsive design challenge Materials Needed: 3 paper templates, Phone screen size, Tablet screen size, Computer screen size, Coloured markers.

1. Draw how the same website would look on:

a. A phone screen

b. A tablet screen

c. A computer screen

2. Show how the menu, content, and images would rearrange.

3. Present your designs to the class.

4. Explain why elements move/change on different screens.

Remember

• Every part of a website has a specific purpose

• Good websites are easy to navigate

• Websites should work well on all devices

• Different websites might arrange these features differently, but most will have these basic parts

Activity 3.9 Design your dream school website Materials Needed: Plain paper, Coloured markers/pens

1. In groups not more than 5, reflect on the layout of the “Homepage” of the “GES” website you visited and sketch a layout for your school’s website

2. Include and label:

a. Header with school logo and name

b. Navigation menu with at least 5 sections

c. Content area showing important school news

d. Sidebar with upcoming events

e. Footer with contact information

3. Present your design to the class and explain why you arranged the elements the way you did.

File format A file format is a specific way information is stored electronically so that software can recognise and process it. Each file format has a unique structure, typically identified by its file extension (e.g., .docx, .jpg, .pdf). In this lesson, we shall concentrate on image file format types.

Image File Types

Have you ever taken a picture with your phone and noticed it saves as ‘.jpg’ or tried to create a school logo and seen ‘.png’ as an option? Let us learn about different types of images file formats we can use on computers and the internet.

Two Main Types of Image File Formats

Raster Images (Like a Mosaic)

Imagine creating a picture using tiny square tiles (like a mosaic). When you zoom in very close, you can see all the individual squares. This is exactly how raster images work.

What are Raster Images?

a. Made up of tiny squares called pixels (picture elements)

b. Like your phone’s camera pictures

c. Best for photographs and detailed images

d. Common in everyday use

Table 3.4: Types of Raster Images

Format Description Best For Compression Transparency

JPEG A widely used format for photos and web graphics, balancing quality and file size.

Photos, web graphics Lossy No PNG Supports high- quality images with transparency, often used for logos and graphics.

Logos, transparent images Lossless Yes GIF Used for simple animations or graphics with limited colours.

Animations, simple graphics Lossless (limited) Yes BMP An uncompressed format storing raw image data; rarely used today.

Rare use, raw images None No TIFF A high-quality format commonly used in professional editing and printing.

High-quality prints, professional Lossless Yes SVG A vector-based format that scales without losing quality.

Scalable graphics None Yes WebP A modern format for web images, offering small file sizes and good quality.

Web images, fast loading Lossy/Lossless Yes RAW Captures all sensor data from cameras, ideal for professional photography.

Professional photo editing None No Image compression Lossy image compression reduces file size by permanently removing some image data, leading to a potential loss in quality, but achieving smaller file sizes. In contrast, lossless compression retains all original data, preserving image quality, but typically results in larger files compared to lossy methods.

Vector Images (Like a Math Drawing)

Think about drawing a circle in mathematics using a compass. No matter how big you make it, the circle stays smooth. This is how vector images work!

What are Vector Images?

a. Made using mathematical formulas

b. Can be made bigger or smaller without losing quality

c. Perfect for logos and simple designs

d. Like a mathematical drawing that stays sharp at any size

Table 3.5: Popular Vector Format

S/N VECTOR FORMAT

Best For Advantages Compatibility

1. SVG Web graphics, scalable designs Scalable, lightweight Supported by browsers, editors

2. AI Professional graphic design Layers, advanced features Adobe Illustrator only

3. EPS Printing, logos Versatile, platform- independent Most design software

4. PDF Document sharing with vectors Easy sharing, retains quality Universal compatibility

5. DXF CAD designs Interchangeable in CAD software AutoCAD and similar tools

6. CDR CorelDRAW-specific

designs Complex, layered designs CorelDRAW required

7. WMF/EMF Windows-based

graphics Office-friendly, editable Windows tools

Activity 3.10 Image format detective Materials Needed: Mobile phone or computer, Worksheet

1. Look through your device’s gallery/photos

2. Find examples of:

a. Two JPEG images

b. Two PNG images

c. One GIF (if available)

3. Write down:

a. What type of content each image shows?

b. Why you think that format was used?

4. Share your findings with your class for discussion and feedback. .

Remember:

• JPEG: Best for photos

• PNG: Best for screenshots and logos

• GIF: Best for simple animations

• SVG: Best for logos that need to be resized

Multimedia refers to the combination of different types of media, such as text, images, audio, video, and animations, used together to create an engaging experience.

It’s commonly used in websites, presentations, advertisements, entertainment, and education.

Have you ever wondered how websites play music, show videos, or create special effects? Let us explore how websites use different types of multimedia to make your online experience more interesting!

Integration of Audio and Video content to websites Integrating audio and video content into websites enhances user experience, making them more interactive and engaging. It allows users to access rich media such as music, podcasts, tutorials, and product demonstrations. We shall now look at some key multimedia elements that can be integrated into a website.

Audio on Websites

What is Website Audio?

Think of website audio like a radio built into a webpage. It can include:

a. Background music,

b. Voice recordings,

c. Sound effects,

d. Audio players for music or podcasts.

Common Uses of Audio

1. Educational Websites

a. Listening exercises

b. Pronunciation guides

c. Recorded lectures

d. Educational songs

2. Entertainment Websites

a. Music streaming

b. Online radio

c. Audio stories

d. Game sounds Audio Controls Just like your phone’s music player, website audio usually has: Play/Pause button, Volume control, Progress bar, Download option (sometimes).

Figure 3.14: Common uses of Audio Video on Websites

1. What is Website Video?

Videos on websites are like having a TV or film player right on the webpage. You see this on:

a. Video sharing sites. E.g. Vimeo, YouTube, etc.

b. News websites

c. Educational sites

d. Social media

2. Types of Website Videos

a. Embedded Videos

i. Videos hosted on YouTube or similar video sharing sites.

ii. Plays right on the webpage.

Example: A YouTube video on your school’s website.

b. Native Videos

i. Videos uploaded directly to the website.

ii. Usually shorter and optimised for web.

Example: Short clips on social media

3. Video Features

a. Modern web videos include:

i. Quality settings (like selecting 360p, 720p)

ii. Playback speed control

iii. Full screen option

iv. Captions or subtitles

Activity 3.11 Audio player investigation Materials Needed: Computer/phone with internet access, Headphones (if available), Activity worksheet

1. In pairs, visit www.ghanaweb.com or any local news website

2. Find any audio elements (like radio streams or news clips)

3. List and draw:

a. Audio control buttons you find

b. Different audio features

c. How the audio player looks

4. Try to:

a. Play and pause

b. Adjust volume

c. Move through the audio

5. In your pairs, discuss:

a. How easy was it to use?

b. What accessibility considerations were present on the website for the audio content?

c. What worked well?

d. What could be done better?

Activity 3.12 Create a video guide Materials Needed: Paper, Coloured markers, Sample video player interface

1. In groups of not more than 5, imagine you are designing a video player for your school’s website

2. Draw and label:

a. Play/pause button

b. Volume control

c. Progress bar

d. Quality settings

e. Full screen button

3. Write simple instructions for:

a. How to play a video

b. How to adjust quality

c. How to use Full screen

4. Present your guide to the class

5. Explain why you included each feature Plug-ins What are Plug-ins?

Plug-ins are software components or add-ons that extend the functionality of an existing application or platform, such as a web browser, content management system, or software tool. They are widely used to enhance user experiences and add new features without modifying the core application. Think of plug-ins as extra tools that add new features to your web browser. They are like adding new functions to your phone through apps.

Table 3.6: Common Types of Plug-ins and their uses S/N PLUG-IN TYPE USES EXAMPLE

1. PDF Viewer For reading PDF documents online Reading your school’s newsletter

2. Media Players For playing special types of videos or music Playing educational videos

3. Document Viewers

For viewing different types of files Opening Microsoft Word documents in your browser

Figure 3.15: Plug-In Types

Activity 3.13 Plug-in explorer Materials Needed: Computer with internet access, Worksheet about common plug-ins

1. In groups of not more than 5, explore different types of plug-ins:

a. PDF viewers

b. Media players

c. Document viewers

2. Make a list of:

a. What each plug-in does

b. When you might need it

c. Safety considerations

3. Create a simple guide for other learners

4. Present your finding

Table 3.7: Safety Tips When Using Multimedia

MULTIMEDIA AUDIO VIDEO PLUG-IN

SAFETY TIPS Keep volume at a safe level Be careful with autoplay Use headphones when needed Watch videos from trusted sources Be careful with streaming quality (data usage) Check video descriptions before playing Only install plug-ins from trusted sources Keep plug-ins updated Remove plug-ins you don’t use

Note

1. Not all websites need sound or video

2. Different devices might play multimedia differently

3. Good websites give you control over audio and video

4. Always think about your internet data usage when playing videos

5. Ask for help if a plug-in or media player is not working

Activity 3.14 Website media hunt Materials Needed: Computer/phone with internet, Media hunt checklist

1. In pairs, visit three different Ghanaian websites

2. Find and document:

a. Audio elements

b. Video players

c. Different plug-ins

3. For each one, note:

a. How it works

b. If it is easy to use

c. Any problems you find

4. Compare with other pairs.

Activity 3.14

1. Watch this video: How to Make YouTube Videos on Your Phone (Beginners Tutorial)

2. Splitting into small groups, take one of the following topics each:

Camera Angles

Lighting Sound

Editing Storytelling Techniques

3. Using what you learnt from the video, and other things that you have researched, or covering during the lessons, identify advice that you would give to someone who was recording videos. Create a PowerPoint to demonstrate this

4. Present your findings to the class as a group.